Industrial Urbanism: Typologies, Concepts and Prospects

10 BUILT ENVIRONMENT VOL 43 NO 1 Despite these apparent benefits, scholars note that globalization may also present certain risks to industry.1 The opening of international trade and communications threatens copyrighted content, trade secrets, and other proprietary information; even more troublesome and less obvious, there is a danger that as companies shift production abroad, their capacity to continue to innovate may be diminished, as they give up crucial opportunities for learning in the development process. For example, in Manufacturing Matters: The Myth of the Post-Industrial Economy, Stephen Cohen and John Zysman (1987) argue that the movement towards post-industrialism is shortsighted, as it produces a one-dimensional service-based economy that will lose its ability to innovate. Their argument is at the core of today’s reshoring movement as cited by Fred Zimmerman: